Kejadian 2:19

2:19 The Lord God formed ¹  out of the ground every living animal of the field and every bird of the air. He brought them to the man to see what he would ²  name them, and whatever the man called each living creature, that was its name.

Kejadian 21:23

21:23 Now swear to me right here in God’s name ³  that you will not deceive me, my children, or my descendants. ⁴  Show me, and the land ⁵  where you are staying, ⁶  the same loyalty ⁷  that I have shown you.” ⁸ 

Kejadian 24:14

24:14 I will say to a young woman, ‘Please lower your jar so I may drink.’ May the one you have chosen for your servant Isaac reply, ‘Drink, and I’ll give your camels water too.’ ⁹  In this way I will know that you have been faithful to my master.” ¹⁰ 

Kejadian 30:15

30:15 But Leah replied, ¹¹  “Wasn’t it enough that you’ve taken away my husband? Would you take away my son’s mandrakes too?” “All right,” ¹²  Rachel said, “he may sleep ¹³  with you tonight in exchange for your son’s mandrakes.”

Kejadian 30:30

30:30 Indeed, ¹⁴  you had little before I arrived, ¹⁵  but now your possessions have increased many times over. ¹⁶  The Lord has blessed you wherever I worked. ¹⁷  But now, how long must it be before I do something for my own family too?” ¹⁸ 

Kejadian 48:19

48:19 But his father refused and said, “I know, my son, I know. He too will become a nation and he too will become great. In spite of this, his younger brother will be even greater and his descendants will become a multitude ¹⁹  of nations.”

[2:19]  ¹ tn Or “fashioned.” To harmonize the order of events with the chronology of chapter one, some translate the prefixed verb form with vav (ו) consecutive as a past perfect (“had formed,” cf. NIV) here. (In chapter one the creation of the animals preceded the creation of man; here the animals are created after the man.) However, it is unlikely that the Hebrew construction can be translated in this way in the middle of this pericope, for the criteria for unmarked temporal overlay are not present here. See S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew, 84-88, and especially R. Buth, “Methodological Collision between Source Criticism and Discourse Analysis,” Biblical Hebrew and Discourse Linguistics, 138-54. For a contrary viewpoint see IBHS 552-53 §33.2.3 and C. J. Collins, “The Wayyiqtol as ‘Pluperfect’: When and Why,” TynBul 46 (1995): 117-40.

[2:19]  ² tn The imperfect verb form is future from the perspective of the past time narrative.

[21:23]  ³ tn Heb “And now swear to me by God here.”

[21:23]  ⁴ tn Heb “my offspring and my descendants.”

[21:23]  ⁵ tn The word “land” refers by metonymy to the people in the land.

[21:23]  ⁶ tn The Hebrew verb means “to stay, to live, to sojourn” as a temporary resident without ownership rights.

[21:23]  ⁷ tn Or “kindness.”

[21:23]  ⁸ tn Heb “According to the loyalty which I have done with you, do with me and with the land in which you are staying.”

[24:14]  ⁹ sn I will also give your camels water. It would be an enormous test for a young woman to water ten camels. The idea is that such a woman would not only be industrious but hospitable and generous.

[24:14]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “And let the young woman to whom I say, ‘Lower your jar that I may drink,’ and she says, ‘Drink and I will also give your camels water,’ – her you have appointed for your servant, for Isaac, and by it I will know that you have acted in faithfulness with my master.”

[30:15]  ¹¹ tn Heb “and she said to her”; the referent of the pronoun “she” (Leah) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[30:15]  ¹² tn Heb “therefore.”

[30:15]  ¹³ tn Heb “lie down.” The expression “lie down with” in this context (here and in the following verse) refers to sexual intercourse. The imperfect verbal form has a permissive nuance here.

[30:30]  ¹⁴ tn Or “for.”

[30:30]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “before me.”

[30:30]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “and it has broken out with respect to abundance.”

[30:30]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “at my foot.”

[30:30]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “How long [until] I do, also I, for my house?”

[48:19]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “fullness.”